Publications

2010

• Shape- and orientation-dependence of surface barriers in single crystalline d-wave Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8+delta
  
  • Böhmer Anna Elisabeth
  • Konczykowski Marcin
  • van Der Beek Cornelis Jacominus
  , 2010. Magneto-optical imaging and Hall-probe array magnetometry are used to measure the field of first flux entry, H_p, into the same Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8+delta single crystal cut to different crystal thickness-to-width ratios (d/w), and for two angles alpha between the edges and the principal in-plane crystalline (a,b) axes. At all temperatures, the variation with aspect ratio of H_p is qualitatively well described by calculations for the so-called geometric barrier [E.H. Brandt, Phys. Rev. B 60, 11939 (1999)]. However, the magnitude of H_p is strongly enhanced due to the square shape of the crystal. In the intermediate temperature regime (T < ~ 50 K) in which the Bean-Livingston barrier limits vortex entry, there is some evidence for a tiny crystal-orientation dependent enhancement when the sample edges are at an angle of 45° with respect to the crystalline axes, rather than parallel to them.
• Luminescence of Aluminoborosilicate Glasses Doped with Gd3+ Ions
  
  • Malchukova Evguenia
  • Nepomnyashchikh A. J.
  • Boizot Bruno
  • Shamirzaev T. S.
  • Petite Guillaume
  Physics of the Solid State, American Institute of Physics, 2010, 52 (9), pp.1919. The twophoton absorption that leads to the ultraviolet upconversion luminescence in the SiO2–Al2O3–B2O3–Na2O3–Zr2O : Gd3+ glass has been investigated. The inference has been made that no photon cascade emission takes place under excitation by monochromatic light corresponding to the maximum of the absorption band of the Cd3+ ion (204 nm). The mechanisms of concentration quenching and energy transfer between Cd3+ ions and optically active defects of the aluminoborosilicate glass have been discussed. (10.1134/S1063783410090222)
  DOI : 10.1134/S1063783410090222
• Dissipation par effet Joule en régime hyperfréquence dans les supraconducteurs à haute température critique
  
  • Kermorvant Julien
  , 2010. Ces travaux portent sur un sujet d'intérêt commun à la physique fondamentale et à la physique appliquée. La stratégie du travail est d'utiliser les matériaux supraconducteurs à haute température critique (SHTc), destinés à une application dans des dispositifs pour la télécommunication, ainsi que les prototypes eux-mêmes de ces dispositifs, en tant qu'échantillons dans des études fondamentales portant sur la dissipation dans le régime des hyperfréquences (hf). On a ainsi pu avancer dans la compréhension du comportement non-linéaire des supraconducteurs dans cette partie du spectre électromagnétique, et, en même temps, développer des stratégies pour l'amélioration des dispositifs. En effet, la dissipation énergétique dans les supraconducteurs entraîne une dégradation du facteur de qualité (lorsqu'il s'agit de filtres ou de résonateurs), et une sévère limitation du nombre de canaux de communication que l'on puisse utiliser dans une certaine bande passante. La dégradation du facteur de qualité de filtres supraconducteurs en YBa2Cu3O7 lorsque ceux-ci sont exposés aux champs électromagnétiques de grande amplitude utilisé dans les télécommunications (GSM, UMTS,...) est due à l'augmentation avec la puissance de la résistance de surface, phénomène pour lequel pléthore d'explications tentatives ont été proposés dans le passé : excitation de quasi-particules par le champ hf, pertes hystérétiques à cause du mouvement des lignes de flux quantifiés, pénétration du flux magnétique hf par de joints de grains, et, enfin, chauffage local de la couche supraconductrice. En utilisant la mesure in-situ de la fréquence de résonance, et par delà, de la constante diélectrique du même résonateur en TiO2 posé sur la couche en YBa2Cu3O7 pour mesurer la résistance de surface, il est montré que dans la plage autour de 10 GHz, c'est l'échauffement local de la couche supraconductrice par le champ électromagnétique hf, et l'augmentation en température qui s'en suit, qui est responsable pour toute non-linéarité observée. Il n'y a donc pas de non-linéarités intrinsèques au supraconducteur qui jouent un rôle : seule la dissipation linéaire et l'effet Joule, avec la prise en compte correcte de la thermique de la couche supraconductrice, permettent de rendre compte des phénomènes. Ce résultat ouvre la voie à de nouvelles stratégies pour l'amélioration de dispositifs hf basés sur des supraconducteurs à haute Tc. Là où les pertes linéaires sont dues aux oscillations nanométrique de lignes de flux présents du à la présence du champ terrestre, l'inclusion d'ouvertures de la taille de quelque dizaine de nm dans la couche pourrait avoir un effet bénéfique. Par ailleurs, un blindage de tout dispositif s'impose. Là ou les pertes sont dues à la nature non-conventionelle de la supraconductivité et l'excitations de quasi-particules proche des nœuds de la bande interdite, on bute sur un problème fondamental. Une extension de cette étude porte sur les résonateurs planaires supraconducteurs. La caractérisation d'une série de résonateurs en YBa2Cu3O7 avec des fréquences propres allant de 500 GHz à 12 GHz montre que dans ce cas aussi, les performances des dispositifs étaient limités par l'échauffement de la couche supraconductrice. A fins de démonstration, une technique est développée ou on utilise un résonateur diélectrique (en TiO2 dans la phase rutile) posé sur le résonateur en YBa2Cu3O7 pour mesurer la température locale du dernier. La résonance de l'YBa2Cu3O7 et du TiO2 sont mesurés à l'aide de deux analyseurs de réseau, fonctionnant dans des plages de fréquence distinctes. Par la modélisation, comme par l'application de la méthode magnéto-optique pour la visualisation directe de la pénétration du flux magnétique dans le résonateur supraconducteur, il est montré que cet échauffement a lieu proche des coins aigus du dispositif, ou la densité de flux et du courant d'écrantage sont exacerbés. Une deuxième version des résonateurs YBa2Cu3O7 où les coins aigus sont éliminés au profit de coins arrondis à permis une amélioration d'un facteur dix de la plage de puissance ou le dispositif peut être utilisé. Cette amélioration a d'ores et déjà été incluse dans une application pour la DGA, et un brevet devrait être déposé.
• Strong interplay between structure and electronic properties in CuIn(S,Se)2: a first-principles study
  
  • Vidal Julien
  • Botti Silvana
  • Olsson Pär
  • Guillemoles Jean Francois
  • Reining Lucia
  Physical Review Letters, American Physical Society, 2010, 104, pp.056401. We present a first-principles study of the electronic properties of CuIn(S,Se)2 (CIS) using state-of-the-art self-consistent GW and hybrid functionals. The calculated band gap depends strongly on the anion displacement u, an internal structural parameter that measures lattice distortion. This contrasts with the observed stability of the band gap of CIS solar panels under operating conditions, where a relatively large dispersion of values for u occurs. We solve this apparent paradox considering the coupled effect on the band gap of copper vacancies and lattice distortions. The correct treatment of d electrons in these materials requires going beyond density functional theory, and GW self-consistency is critical to evaluate the quasiparticle gap and the valence band maximum. (10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.056401)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.056401
• High Temperature Oxidation of the Al3Mg2 Complex Metallic Alloy
  
  • de Noirfontaine M.-N.
  • Baldinozzi G.
  • Barthés-Labrousse M.-G.
  • Kusinski J.
  • Boëmare G.
  • Herinx M.
  • Feuerbacher M.
  Oxidation of Metals, Springer Verlag, 2010, 73 (1-2), pp.219-232. High temperature air oxidation of the Al3Mg2 complex metallic alloy was investigated on powder samples and bulk polycrystals in the temperature range 350–420 °C by thermogravimetric measurements, SEM and TEM. Oxidation at 420 °C on the polycrystalline samples comprised three successive phases characterised by linear kinetics laws. The first stage corresponded to the formation of a porous non adherent nanocrystalline MgO scale having a cauliflower morphology. A first acceleration in the kinetics law was ascribed to the nucleation and growth of MgAl2O4 crystallites which form a thin (~10 nm) film at the interface between the substrate alloy and the MgO top layer. A new linear regime was observed in the oxidation process corresponding to diffusion of magnesium through the grain boundaries of the spinel film and through the porous MgO layer. Finally, fragmentation and cracking of the scale leads to a further acceleration followed by a new linear regime. (10.1007/s11085-009-9176-8)
  DOI : 10.1007/s11085-009-9176-8
• Phase Change Materials and Their Application to Nonvolatile Memories
  
  • Raoux Simone
  • Welnic W.
  • Ielmini Daniele
  Chemical Reviews, American Chemical Society, 2010, 110 (1), pp.240-267. (10.1021/cr900040x)
  DOI : 10.1021/cr900040x
• Role of magnetic inertia in damped macrospin dynamics
  
  • Ciornei Mihaela-Cristina
  , 2010. The goal of this thesis is to introduce the concept of inertia in damped macrospin dynamics. Following the work performed by T. L. Gilbert in this direction, a mass is associated to the macrospin, not related to the displacement of a real mass, but to macrospin's inertia. As a consequence, a generalised form of the Gilbert dynamics equation accounting for macrospin's inertia is derived. At the scale of a nanostructure ferromagnet, fluctuations are relevant. The macrospin undergoes a Browninan motion in the corresponding configuration space (a sphere of radius Ms). In order to make a description of the macrospin, a simple, rigorous and new theory, that of mesoscopic nonequilibrium thermodynamics (MNET), is used as an alternative to the quite heavy formalism of stochastic processes used by W. F. Brown Jr. The state of the magnetisation is described by a number of degrees of freedom that exert an influence in the overall dynamics of the system: the orientation m of the magnetisation of angles (θ, φ) and the velocity u = dm/dt , or the angular momentum L. A distribution function f is introduced related to the probability of finding the magnetisation in a particular state (m, u) or (m,L). The combination of the statistical definition of the entropy as a function of the probability, together with the systematic methodology of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, results in a powerful theory describing not only the average dynamics of the macrospin, but also the fluctuations about it. Hence, a generalised dynamic Gilbert and a generalised stochastic Brown equation are derived within the MNET theory. A relaxation time is defined dependent on macrospin's inertia and damping. The magnetisation behaviour determines two regimes: the inertial regime or the short time scale limit t<
• Propriétés de spin des états évanescents et effet tunnel dans les semi-conducteurs
  
  • Nguyen Thi Lam Hoai
  , 2010. On étudie les propriétés de spin des états évanescents d'un semi-conducteur dépourvu de centre d'inversion. La topologie particulière des bandes évanescentes qui résulte de l'interaction spin-orbite est à l'origine d'un l'effet tunnel anormal. La nature même du processus tunnel devient très dépendante de l'orientation cristallographique de la barrière. Deux cas typiques sont analysés : tunneling sous incidence oblique sur une barrière orientée selon la direction [001] et tunneling sous incidence normale au travers d'une barrière orientée dans la direction [110]. Dans le premier cas, un processus tunnel quasi-classique peut être restauré de façon assez subtile et des effets de filtres à spin sont mis en évidence. Dans le second cas, la situation est particulièrement originale. La notion de courant de probabilité, qui joue un rôle central, est réexaminée et les conditions de discontinuité aux interface de la dérivée de la fonction d'onde sont établies. Selon cette direction où la levée de dégénérescence de spin de la bande de conduction est maximum, il n'y a curieusement aucun filtrage de spin mais l'onde transmise subit un déphasage dont le signe dépend de l'orientation du spin. On prédit des effets de précession de spin autour d'un champ effectif complexe régnant dans la barrière. Ces résultats permettent de concevoir, par ingénierie spin-orbite d'hétérostructures, des dispositifs tunnel résonnant capables de manipuler le spin.
• Synthesis of specific nanoparticles for targeting tumor angiogenesis using electron-beam irradiation
  
  • Deshayes Stéphanie
  • Maurizot Victor
  • Clochard Marie-Claude
  • Berthelot Thomas
  • Baudin Cécile
  • Deleris Gérard
  Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Elsevier, 2010, 79, pp.208-213. Angiogenesis plays a critical role in both growth and metastasis of tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endogenous mediator of tumor angiogenesis. Blocking associations of the VEGF with its corresponding receptors (KDR) have become critical for anti-tumor therapy. Acyclo-peptide (CBO- P11), derived from VEGF, able to inhibit the interaction between the growth factor and its receptor, was synthesized in our laboratory to provide a target for angiogenesis. We have prepared biocompatible poly(vinylidenefluoride (PVDF) nanoparticles in order to obtain long blood circulating systems. Electron-beam (EB) irradiation was used to activate the PVDF nanoparticles. From electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, we studied the radical stability in order to optimize the radio-grafting of acrylicacid (AA). Further functionalization of PVDF-g-PAA nanoparticles with the cyclo-peptide via a spacer arm was also possible by performing coupling reactions. High resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS NMR) and MALDI mass spectrometry allowed us to follow each chemical step of this peptide immobilization. We designed a new nanodevice suggesting a great potential for targeting angiogenesis. (10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.09.007)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.09.007
• Aharonov-bohm effect on multiwall carbon nanotubes under conditions close to strong carrier localization
  
  • Latyshev Yu. I.
  • Orlov A.P.
  • Latyshev A.Yu.
  • Wade T.L.
  • Konczykowski Marcin
  • Monceau Pierre
  JETP Letters, Springer Verlag, 2010, 90 (9), pp.608-611. The Aharonov-Bohm effect on multiwall carbon nanotubes has been studied under conditions of resistance with decreasing temperature as an inverse power function, which precede strong carrier localization. A periodic contribution with a period of 18 T corresponding to the magnetic flux quantum A c/e per nanotube cross section has been revealed in the longitudinal magnetoresistance. The result points to the possibility of the ballistic motion of the carriers over the sample perimeter under conditions close to their strong localization in the longitudinal direction. (10.1134/S0021364009210048)
  DOI : 10.1134/S0021364009210048
• Damage generated by MeV-ion beams on titanium surface in oxidizing environment
  
  • Do Ngoc-Long
  • Bérerd N.
  • Moncoffre N.
  • Gorse-Pomonti D.
  , 2011, 1298. (10.1557/opl.2011.372)
  DOI : 10.1557/opl.2011.372
• Ion track grafting: A way of producing lowcost and highly proton conductive membranes for fuel cell applications
  
  • Clochard Marie-Claude
  • T (berthelot Thomas) Berthelot
  • Baudin Cécile
  • Betz Natacha
  • Balanzat Emmanuel
  • Gebel Gérard
  • Morin Arnaud
  Journal of Power Sources, Elsevier, 2010. (10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.07.016)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.07.016
• Ion track grafting: A way of producing low-cost and highly proton conductive membranes for fuel cell applications
  
  • Clochard Marie-Claude
  • Berthelot T
  • Baudin C
  • Betz N
  • Balanzat Emmanuel
  • Gébel G
  • Morin A
  Journal of Power Sources, Elsevier, 2010, 195, pp.223-231. Keywords: Ion track grafting Radiografting Swift heavy ions Proton conductivity Polymer electrolyte membrane Proton exchange membrane fuel cell a b s t r a c t Proton conductive individual channels through a poly(vinyl di-fluoride) PVDF matrix have been designed using the ion track grafting technique. The styrene molecules were radiografted and further sulfonated leading to sulfonated polystyrene (PSSA) domains within PVDF. The grafting process all along the cylindrical ion tracks creates after functionalisation privileged paths perpendicular to the membrane plane for proton conduction from the anode to the cathode when used in fuel cells. Such ion track grafted PVDF-g-PSSA membranes have low gas permeation properties against H 2 and O 2. A degree of grafting (Y w) of 140% was chosen to ensure a perfect coverage of PSSA onto PVDF-g-PSSA surface minimizing interfacial ohmic losses with the active layers of the Membrane Electrolyte Assembly (MEA). A three-day fuel cell test has been performed feeding the cell with pure H 2 and O 2 , at the anode and cathode side respectively. Temperature has been progressively increased from 50 to 80 • C. Polarisation curves and Elec-trochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) at different current densities were used to evaluate the MEA performance. From these last measurements, it has been possible to determine the resistance of the MEA during the fuel cell tests and, thus the membrane conductivity. The proton conductivities of such membranes estimated during fuel cell tests range from 50 mS cm −1 to 80 mS cm −1 depending on the operating conditions. These values are close to that of perfluorosulfonated membrane such as Nafion ® in similar conditions. (10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.07.016)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.07.016
• Dynamic structure factor and dielectric function of silicon for finite momentum transfer: Inelastic x-ray scattering experiments and ab initio calculations
  
  • Weissker Hans-Christian
  • Bruneval Fabien
  • Sottile Francesco
  • Olevano Valerio
  • Reining Lucia
  Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics (1998-2015), American Physical Society, 2010, 81 (8), pp.085104. (10.1103/PhysRevB.81.085104)
  DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.085104
• Thermodynamics and kinetics of the Schottky defect at terraces and steps on the MgO(001) surface
  
  • Antoshchenkova Ekaterina
  • Hayoun Marc
  • Geneste Grégory
  • Finocchi Fabio
  Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010, 12 (26), pp.7251-7257. The Schottky defects at both the. at MgO(001) surface and the monatomic-step edge have been investigated by equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The formation enthalpy as a function of the distance between the Mg and O vacancies that form a Schottky defect have been calculated and discussed. We conclude that a step edge is a stable location for a vacancy. The migration mechanism has been elucidated and an intermediate state has been identified. The associated activation enthalpies have been determined in the 700-1100 K temperature range. Both magnesium and oxygen vacancies at the surface are very mobile and can play a role during the crystal growth. (10.1039/b923690b)
  DOI : 10.1039/b923690b
• Magnetic noise of a frozen ferrofluid
  
  • Komatsu K.
  • L'Hote D.
  • Nakamae S.
  • Ladieu F.
  • Mosser V.
  • Kerlain A.
  • Konczykowski M.
  • Dubois Emeric
  • Dupuis V.
  • Perzynski R.
  Journal of Applied Physics, American Institute of Physics, 2010, 107, pp.09E140. The magnetic noise of a frozen ferrofluid made of maghemite nanoparticles dispersed in glycerin is measured using a two-dimensional electron gas based quantum well Hall sensor QWHS with the spinning current technique. The frozen ferrofluid shows a superspin glass transition at 67 K. Below this glass transition temperature, the relation between the imaginary part of the ac susceptibility of a bulk ferrofluid sample and the magnetic noise measured with the QWHS gives an indication of a violation of the fluctuation dissipation theorem. (10.1063/1.3366613)
  DOI : 10.1063/1.3366613
• Aharonov-Bohm effect on columnar defects in thin graphite and graphene
  
  • I. Latyshev Y.U.
  • Orlov A.P.
  • Shustin E.G.
  • Isaev N.V.
  • Escoffier Walter
  • Monceau P.
  • van Der Beek C.J.
  • Konczykowski M.
  • Monnet I.
  Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Science, 2010, 248, pp.012001. We studied Aharonov-Bohm effect on thin graphite single crystals containing columnar defects (nanoholes) produced by irradiation with heavy ions. The thickness of irradiated single crystals has been varied from 50 nm down to less then 1 nm by thinning the thicker samples with beam-plasma etching. For irradiated samples we found the existence of oscillating, field-periodic contribution of magnetoresistance with a periodicity corresponding to the flux quantum hc/e per area of nanohole independently of sample thickness. The results point to the significant contribution of Dirac fermions to the oscillating part of magnetoresistance and also to the existence of the edge states located near the nanohole perimeter. (10.1088/1742-6596/248/1/012001)
  DOI : 10.1088/1742-6596/248/1/012001
• Generation of colour centres in yttria-stabilized zirconia by heavy ion irradiations in the GeV range
  
  • Costantini Jean-Marc
  • Beuneu François
  • K Schwartz
  • Trautmann C.
  • Schwartz Kurt
  Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, IOP Publishing [1989-....], 2010, 22, pp.315402. We have studied the colour centre production in yttria-stabilized zirconia by heavy ion irradiation in the GeV range using on-line UV-visible optical absorption spectroscopy. Experiments were performed with 11.4 MeV amu−1 Xe, Au, Pb and U ion irradiations at 8 K or room temperature. A broad and asymmetrical absorption band peaked at a wavelength about 500 nm is recorded regardless of the irradiation parameters, in agreement with previous RT irradiations with heavy ions in the 100 MeV range. This band is de-convoluted into two broad Gaussian-shaped bands centred at photon energies about 2.4 and 3.1 eV that are respectively associated with the F+-type centres and T centres observed by EPR spectroscopy. In the case of 8 K Au ion irradiation at low fluences, six bands are used. The three bands near 2.0-2.5 eV can be assigned to oxygen divacancies. No significant effect of the irradiation temperature is found on the widths of all absorption bands for the same ion and fluence. This is attributed to the inhomogeneous broadening arising from the static disorder due to the native charge-compensating oxygen vacancies. However, the colour centre production yield is strongly enhanced at 8 K with respect to RT. When heating irradiated samples from 8 K to RT, the extra colour centres produced at low temperature do not recover completely to the level of RT irradiation.
• Interfacial layering and capillary roughness in immiscible liquids
  
  • Geysermans P.
  • Pontikis V.
  The Journal of Chemical Physics, American Institute of Physics, 2010, 133 (7), pp.074706. The capillary roughness and the atomic density profiles of extended interfaces between immiscible liquids are determined as a function of the interface area by using molecular dynamics and Lennard-Jones (12-6) potentials. We found that with increasing area, the interface roughness diverges logarithmically, thus fitting the theoretical mean-field prediction. In systems small enough for the interfacial roughness not to blur the structural details, atomic density profiles across the fluid interface are layered with correlation length in the range of molecular correlations in liquids. On increasing the system size, the amplitude of the thermally excited position fluctuations of the interface increases, thus causing layering to rapidly vanish, if density profiles are computed without special care. In this work, we present and validate a simple method, operating in the direct space, for extracting from molecular dynamics trajectories the ``intrinsic'' structure of a fluid interface that is the local density profile of the interface cleaned from capillary wave effects. Estimated values of interfacial properties such as the tension, the intrinsic width, and the lower wavelength limit of position fluctuations are in agreement with results collected from the literature. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3471384] (10.1063/1.3471384)
  DOI : 10.1063/1.3471384
• Pierre Auger - Lise Meitner. Contributions Comparées à l'effet Auger
  
  • Hardouin Duparc Olivier
  Jahrbuch für Computerphilologie, Hg. v. Karl Eibl, Volker Deubel, Fotis Jannidis, 2010 (18), pp.23-25. Lise Meitner a observé et décrit l'effet Auger quelques mois sans doute avant Pierre Auger, en explicitant une suggestion des britanniques Ellis et Rutherford. Mais sa préoccupation était tout autre que celle de Pierre Auger et c'est donc naturellement que l'appellation "effet Auger" est apparue, d'abord en Allemagne. Je rappelle et commente quelques détails de cette histoire.
• Fullerene-like CdSe nanoparticles
  
  • Botti Silvana
  , 2010, pp.100.
• The Preston of the Guinier-Preston zones. Guinier
  
  • Hardouin Duparc Olivier
  Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Springer Verlag/ASM International, 2010, 41, pp.1873-1882. Almost all materials scientists know about the Guinier-Preston zones which were discovered in age-hardened aluminium-copper alloys in 1938. One of the discoverers, the French André Guinier, is rightly well-known. The other discoverer, the British G. D. Preston, is totally ignored even in English scientific biographies. I wish here to partly make up for this 'oblivion' by giving elements about George Preston's life (8 August 1896 - 22 June 1972) and scientific work. Born in Ireland to the physicist Thomas Preston and deceased in Scotland, G. Preston carried out his scientific achievements in England, mainly studying the crystallographic structure of metals, metallic alloys and thin films of metal oxides in a pioneering way. He also discussed the atomistic structure of twins in 1927. He mastered many kinds of X-ray and electron diffraction techniques, up to diffuse scattering which allowed him to detect the GP zones. Although he was involved in several controversies, including one about diamonds, he always remained a fortright person until his final professorship in Dundee. André Guinier's career is briefly recalled in a parallel way. (10.1007/s11661-010-0320-5)
  DOI : 10.1007/s11661-010-0320-5